• Refaat E Gabr, Xiaojun Sun, Amol S Pednekar, and Ponnada A Narayana.
• Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
• Magn Reson Med. 2016 Feb 1; 75 (2): 585-93.

PurposeTo automatically optimize three-dimensional double-inversion recovery (3D-DIR) MRI of the brain on a patient-by-patient basis.MethodsDIR is a powerful MRI technique that allows simultaneous suppression of white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in brain imaging. Unfortunately, the tissue suppression is not always consistent across patients. We propose patient-specific optimization of WM suppression for improved gray matter (GM)-WM contrast. Relaxation times were measured in the same scan session, and through real time processing were used for calculating DIR inversion times for maximum tissue contrast. Signal evolution during the variable-flip-angle turbo-spin-echo readout was calculated using the extended phase graph algorithm. Patient-specific optimization was examined in five healthy volunteers and two multiple sclerosis patients. Two volunteers were scanned twice for reproducibility. The contrast ratios, GM signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and image histogram were used to assess the performance of this patient-specific approach.ResultsAutomated optimization of 3D-DIR was successfully completed in all experiments with processing time of ∼1 min. GM-WM contrast ratio tripled with the optimized DIR sequence, with only a 19% decrease in GM-CSF contrast and 30% SNR penalty.ConclusionPatient-specific optimization is feasible and significantly improves GM-WM contrast on 3D-DIR with a moderate decrease in the GM SNR.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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