• Khémara Gnep, Auréline Fargeas, Ricardo E Gutiérrez-Carvajal, Frédéric Commandeur, Romain Mathieu, Juan D Ospina, Yan Rolland, Tanguy Rohou, Sébastien Vincendeau, Mathieu Hatt, Oscar Acosta, and Renaud de Crevoisier.
• INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Jan 1; 45 (1): 103-117.

PurposeTo explore the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including Haralick textural features, and biochemical recurrence following prostate cancer radiotherapy.Materials And MethodsIn all, 74 patients with peripheral zone localized prostate adenocarcinoma underwent pretreatment 3.0T MRI before external beam radiotherapy. Median follow-up of 47 months revealed 11 patients with biochemical recurrence. Prostate tumors were segmented on T2 -weighted sequences (T2 -w) and contours were propagated onto the coregistered apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images. We extracted 140 image features from normalized T2 -w and ADC images corresponding to first-order (n = 6), gradient-based (n = 4), and second-order Haralick textural features (n = 130). Four geometrical features (tumor diameter, perimeter, area, and volume) were also computed. Correlations between Gleason score and MRI features were assessed. Cox regression analysis and random survival forests (RSF) were performed to assess the association between MRI features and biochemical recurrence.ResultsThree T2 -w and one ADC Haralick textural features were significantly correlated with Gleason score (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight T2 -w Haralick features and all four geometrical features were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence (P < 0.05). The most relevant features were Haralick features T2 -w contrast, T2 -w difference variance, ADC median, along with tumor volume and tumor area (C-index from 0.76 to 0.82; P < 0.05). By combining these most powerful features in an RSF model, the obtained C-index was 0.90.ConclusionT2 -w Haralick features appear to be strongly associated with biochemical recurrence following prostate cancer radiotherapy.Level Of Evidence3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:103-117.© 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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