• Danielle Bivanco-Lima, Itamar de Souza Santos, Yuan-Pang Wang, Maria Carmen Viana, Laura Helena Andrade, Paulo Andrade Lotufo, and Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor.
• MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Public Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo (FCMSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2021 Jul 1; 139 (4): 364-371.

BackgroundCardiovascular risk factors can mediate the association between depression and cardiovascular diseases.ObjectiveTo evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in adult individuals with and without histories of major depression in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil.Design And SettingCross-sectional study in São Paulo (SP), Brazil.MethodsThis study evaluated 423 individuals without any lifetime diagnosis of major depression and 203 individuals with a previous diagnosis of major depression (n = 626). The participants underwent a psychiatric evaluation using a structured clinical interview (SCID-1), an anthropometric evaluation and a clinical evaluation that included blood pressure measurement and assessment of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and physical activity levels.ResultsIndividuals with histories of major depression were more likely to be female (P < 0.0001). Individuals with lifetime diagnoses of major depression were more likely to be current smokers (odds ratio, OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.01-2.59) and to have diabetes (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.01-3.21); and less likely to be obese (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35-0.94).ConclusionIndividuals with major depression had higher odds of presenting tobacco smoking and diabetes, and lower odds of being obese. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this, so as to increase the rates of diagnosis and treatment in this population.

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