• Yoshiharu Ohno, Hisanobu Koyama, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Shinichiro Seki, Daisuke Takenaka, Masao Yui, Aiming Lu, Mitsue Miyazaki, and Kazuro Sugimura.
• Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016 Feb 1; 43 (2): 512-32.

BackgroundTo determine the accuracy of pulmonary MR imaging with ultrashort echo time (UTE) for lung and mediastinum assessments using computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard, for various pulmonary parenchyma diseases.MethodsEight-five consecutive patients (46 males: mean age, 69 years and 39 females: mean age, 69 years) with various pulmonary parenchyma diseases were examined with chest standard- and low-dose CTs and pulmonary MR imaging with UTE. This was followed by visual assessment using a 5-point system of the presence of nodules or masses, ground-glass opacity, micronodules, nodules, patchy shadow or consolidation, emphysema or bullae, bronchiectasis, reticular opacity, and honeycomb and traction bronchiectasis. Presence of aneurysms, pleural or pericardial effusions, pleural thickening or tumor, and lymph adenopathy was also evaluated using a 5-point system. To compare the capability of the methods for lung parenchyma and mediastinum evaluation, intermethod agreement was evaluated by means of kappa statistics and χ2 test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to compare diagnostic performance of all methods.ResultsIntermethod agreements between pulmonary MR imaging and standard-dose and low-dose CT were significant and either substantial or almost perfect (0.67 ≤ κ ≤ 0.98; P < 0.0001). Areas under the curve for emphysema or bullae, bronchiectasis or traction bronchiectasis and reticular opacity on standard-dose CT were significantly larger than those on low-dose CT (emphysema or bullae: P = 0.0002; reticular opacity: P < 0.0001) and pulmonary MR imaging (emphysema or bullae: P < 0.0001; bronchiectasis: P = 0.008; reticular opacity: P < 0.0001).ConclusionPulmonary MR imaging with UTE is useful for lung and mediastinum assessment and evaluation of radiological findings for patients with various pulmonary parenchyma diseases.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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