• Michaël Duruisseaux, Cécile Lize-Dufranc, Céline Badoual, and Frédéric Bibeau.
• UM oncologie thoracique, clinique de pneumologie, pôle thorax et vaisseaux, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France.
• Ann Pathol. 2017 Feb 1; 37 (1): 46-54.

AbstractThe remarkable efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to numerous approvals in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, kidney cancer and several other cancers. Nevertheless, a response is observed in a variable proportion of patients, emphasizing the need for predictive biomarkers of efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors effectiveness. Several predictive biomarkers of efficacy are of interest: companion tests such PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, the mutational load, the immune status of the tumor and its molecular profile. They do not allow a perfect selection of the patients, but standardization procedures for certain techniques are ongoing. Moreover the emergence of new approaches, such as the multiplex in situ techniques and the microbiote analysis, may offer the opportunity to better select patients who really benefit from immunotherapy. The goal of this article is to discuss available and promising predictive biomarkers of efficacy for immunotherapy strategies.Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

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