• Jorge E Jimenez, Roberta M Strigel, Kevin M Johnson, Leah C Henze Bancroft, Scott B Reeder, and Walter F Block.
• Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
• Magn Reson Med. 2018 Oct 1; 80 (4): 1452-1466.

PurposeTo develop a volumetric imaging technique with 0.8-mm isotropic resolution and 10-s/volume rate to detect and analyze breast lesions in a bilateral, dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI exam.MethodsA local low-rank temporal reconstruction approach that also uses parallel imaging and spatial compressed sensing was designed to create rapid volumetric frame rates during a contrast-enhanced breast exam (vastly undersampled isotropic projection [VIPR] spatial compressed sensing with temporal local low-rank [STELLR]). The dynamic-enhanced data are subtracted in k-space from static mask data to increase sparsity for the local low-rank approach to maximize temporal resolution. A T1 -weighted 3D radial trajectory (VIPR iterative decomposition with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation [IDEAL]) was modified to meet the data acquisition requirements of the STELLR approach. Additionally, the unsubtracted enhanced data are reconstructed using compressed sensing and IDEAL to provide high-resolution fat/water separation. The feasibility of the approach and the dual reconstruction methodology is demonstrated using a 16-channel breast coil and a 3T MR scanner in 6 patients.ResultsThe STELLR temporal performance of subtracted data matched the expected temporal perfusion enhancement pattern in small and large vascular structures. Differential enhancement within heterogeneous lesions is demonstrated with corroboration from a basic reconstruction using a strict 10-second temporal footprint. Rapid acquisition, reliable fat suppression, and high spatiotemporal resolution are presented, despite significant data undersampling.ConclusionThe STELLR reconstruction approach of 3D radial sampling with mask subtraction provides a high-performance imaging technique for characterizing enhancing structures within the breast. It is capable of maintaining temporal fidelity, while visualizing breast lesions with high detail over a large FOV to include both breasts.© 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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