• Ziya Baghmanli, Kristoffer B Sugg, Benjamin Wei, Bong S Shim, David C Martin, Paul S Cederna, and Melanie G Urbanchek.
• Charleston, S.C.; Ann Arbor and Detroit, Mich.; Incheon, South Korea; and Newark, Del. From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina; the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan; the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital-Wayne State University; the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Inha University; and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware.
• Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2013 Aug 1; 132 (2): 374-385.

BackgroundUninjured peripheral nerves in upper-limb amputees represent attractive sites for connectivity with neuroprostheses because their predictable internal topography allows for precise sorting of motor and sensory signals. The inclusion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) reduces impedance and improves charge transfer at the biotic-abiotic interface. This study evaluates the in vivo performance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated interpositional decellularized nerve grafts across a critical nerve conduction gap, and examines the long-term effects of two different poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) formulations on regenerating peripheral nerve fibers.MethodsIn 48 rats, a 15-mm gap in the common peroneal nerve was repaired using a nerve graft of equivalent length, including (1) decellularized nerve chemically polymerized with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (dry); (2) decellularized nerve electrochemically polymerized with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (wet); (3) intact nerve; (4) autogenous nerve graft; (5) decellularized nerve alone; and (6) unrepaired nerve gap controls. All groups underwent electrophysiologic characterization at 3 months, and nerves were harvested for histomorphometric analysis.ResultsConduction velocity was significantly faster in the dry poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) group compared with the sham, decellularized nerve, and wet poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) groups. Maximum specific force for the dry poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) group was more similar to sham than were decellularized nerve controls. Evident neural regeneration was demonstrated in both dry and wet poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) groups by the presence of normal regenerating axons on histologic cross-section.ConclusionsBoth poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) formulations were compatible with peripheral nerve regeneration at 3 months. This study supports poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as a promising adjunct for peripheral nerve interfaces for prosthetic control and other biomedical applications because of its recognized ionic-to-electronic coupling potential.

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