• Tammie Teo, Emily Schaeffer, Anthony Cooper, and Kishore Mulpuri.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• J Orthop Trauma. 2018 May 1; 32 (5): 211-215.

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether immediate (0-3 days) postoperative radiography leads to alterations in the management of patients postfracture fixation.Data SourcesSystematic review of English-language articles in the MEDLINE (1946-2016), EMBASE (1974-2016), CDSR (2005-2016), CENTRAL (1948-2016), and Google Scholar databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Study SelectionRandomized or non-randomized controlled trials and prospective or retrospective cohort studies that addressed surgical management of the upper extremity, lower extremity or hip fractures were eligible for review. All included studies needed to have performed radiography within 0-3 days of surgery and reported any directly resulting management changes.Data ExtractionData were independently extracted by 2 reviewers using a standardized data collection form with predefined data fields for demographics, interventions, study methods, complications, and management outcomes.Data SynthesisA random-effects model was applied, and pooled effects for absolute benefit increase (ABI) and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated.ConclusionsCombining the 11/12 articles that reported by patient numbers, the ABI of immediate postoperative radiography for management change was 0.13% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.00078%-0.60%; NNT = 753]. The ABI for identification of complications was 0.22% (95% CI, 0.0015%-1.24%; NNT = 453). Current literature suggests that immediate postoperative radiography does not lead to management change in most patients after fracture fixation. More comprehensive reporting, along with further prospective comparative research, is encouraged.Level Of EvidenceDiagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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