• Suiane Negreiros, Samela Farias, Giselle Maria Rachid Viana, Sheila Akinyi Okoth, Stella M Chenet, Thayna Maria Holanda de Souza, Paola Marchesini, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Marinete Marins Povoa, Ana Carolina Faria E Silva Santelli, and de OliveiraAlexandre MacedoAMMalaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. acq7@cdc.gov..
• Acre State Health Secretariat, Acre State, Brazil.
• Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2016 Nov 2; 95 (5): 1061-1068.

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of chloroquine and primaquine on uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil, in 2014. Patients ≥ 5 years of age with either fever or history of fever, and laboratory-confirmed P. vivax monoinfection received chloroquine (total dose = 25 mg/kg) and primaquine (total dose = 3.5 mg/kg), and were followed up for 168 days (24 weeks). We used microsatellite genotyping to differentiate recurrent infections caused by heterologous parasites from those caused by homologous ones. No new P. vivax episode occurred by Day 28 among 119 enrolled patients, leading to Day 28, with adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 96.7-100%). Twenty-eight P. vivax episodes occurred by Day 168, with uncorrected ACPR of 69.9% (95% CI = 59.5-79.0%). Fifteen of these episodes were caused by either homologous haplotypes or haplotypes that could not be determined. Excluding the 13 recurrent episodes caused by heterologous parasites, Day 168 microsatellite-corrected ACPR was estimated at 81.2% (95% CI = 71.0-89.1%). Chloroquine and primaquine remain efficacious to treat acute uncomplicated P. vivax infection, but moderate recurrence rates were observed within 24 weeks of follow-up.© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

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