• DövenSerra SürmeliSSDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey., Sebahat Tülpar, Funda Baştuğ, Zeynep Nagehan Yürük Yıldırım, Esra Karabağ Yılmaz, Neslihan Çiçek, Nuran Küçük, Elif Çomak, Burcu Yazıcıoğlu, Hülya Nalçacıoğlu, Ali Delibaş, Berfin Uysal, Ayşe Ağbaş, Atilla Gemici, Neslihan Günay, Pelin Ertan, Neşe Bıyıklı, Duygu Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu, Ahmet Midhat Elmacı, AtikelYeşim ÖzdemirYÖDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey., DelebeEmine Özlem ÇamEÖÇDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey., Fatma Lale Sever, İbrahim Gökçe, Nimet Öner, Sema Akman, Bağdagül Aksu, Bahriye Atmış, Sibel Yel, Alev Yılmaz, Binnaz Çelik, İsmail Dursun, and Harika Alpay.
• Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
• Turk J Med Sci. 2021 Oct 1; 51 (5): 256425692564-2569.

BackgroundNephrocalcinosis (NC) is defined as calcium deposition in the kidney parenchyma and tubules. This study aims to determine the etiology, risk factors, and follow-up results of patients with NC in Turkey.MethodsPatients diagnosed with NC in the pediatric nephrology Department Units of 19 centers from all geographical regions of Turkey over a 10-year period (2010-2019) were included in the study. The medical records from the centers were reviewed and demographic data, admission complaints, medical history, systemic and genetic disorders, risk factors for NC, treatment details, and presence of NC after one-year follow-up, were recorded retrospectively.ResultsThe study sample included 195 patients (88 females, 107 males). The mean age at diagnosis was 39.44 ± 47.25 (0.5-208) months; 82/190 patients (43.2%) were diagnosed incidentally; 46/195 patients (23.6%) had an underlying disease; idiopathic hypercalciuria was detected in 75/195 (38.4%) patients. The most common systemic diseases were distal renal tubular acidosis in 11/46 patients (23.9%), primary hyperoxaluria in 9/46 patients (19.6%) and Bartter syndrome in 7/46 patients (15.3%). After one year of follow-up, NC resolved in 56/159 patients (35.2%) and they all did not have an underlying systemic disease.DiscussionThe most common presentation of NC was incidental. Distal renal tubular acidosis and primary hyperoxaluria were the main systemic diseases leading to NC, while hypercalciuria was the most common metabolic risk factor. Nephrocalcinosis was found to remain in most of the patients at a one-year follow-up. It may resolve particularly in patients with no underlying systemic disease.

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