• Arnaud Cavaillès, Graziella Brinchault-Rabin, Adrien Dixmier, François Goupil, Christophe Gut-Gobert, Sylvain Marchand-Adam, Jean-Claude Meurice, Hugues Morel, Christine Person-Tacnet, Christophe Leroyer, and Patrice Diot.
• Dept of Pulmonology, Institut du Thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, 2 Dept of Pulmonology, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, 11 Université Européenne de Bretagne, UBO, EA3878 (GETBO) IFR 148, Rennes, 3 Dept of Pulmonology, CHR d'Orléans, Orléans, 4 Dept of Pulmonology, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Le Mans, 5 Dept of Internal Medicine and Pulmonology, University Hospital La Cavale Blanche, Brest, 6 Universite François Rabelais de Tours, INSERM U1100, Tours, 12 Universite François Rabelais de Tours, EA6305, Tours, 7 Dept of Pulmonology, CHU de Tours, Tours, 8 Dept of Pulmonology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, 9 Dept of Pulmonology, Hôpital Broussais Hospital, Saint-Malo, and 10 Dept of Pulmonology, CHU Angers, Angers, France.
• Eur Respir Rev. 2013 Dec 1; 22 (130): 454-75.

AbstractBy 2020, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the third cause of mortality. Extrapulmonary comorbidities influence the prognosis of patients with COPD. Tobacco smoking is a common risk factor for many comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, heart failure and lung cancer. Comorbidities such as pulmonary artery disease and malnutrition are directly caused by COPD, whereas others, such as systemic venous thromboembolism, anxiety, depression, osteoporosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, sleep disturbance and anaemia, have no evident physiopathological relationship with COPD. The common ground between most of these extrapulmonary manifestations is chronic systemic inflammation. All of these diseases potentiate the morbidity of COPD, leading to increased hospitalisations and healthcare costs. They can frequently cause death, independently of respiratory failure. Comorbidities make the management of COPD difficult and need to be evaluated and treated adequately.

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