• Laura N Purcell, Anthony G Charles, Thomas Ricketts, Adesola Akinkuotu, Sean E McLean, Andrea Hayes-Jordan, and Michael R Phillips.
• Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC.
• Ann. Surg. 2022 Dec 1; 276 (6): e976e981e976-e981.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to define the training background of the actual surgical workforce providing care to pediatric patients in North Carolina (NC).BackgroundDue to database limitations, pediatric surgical workforce studies have not included general surgeons (GS) who operate on children. Defining the role of GS in care delivery affects policy for clinical care and general and pediatric surgical training.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the NC Hospital Discharge Database (2011-2017), including pediatric patients (<18 years) undergoing the most frequent general surgery procedures. Descriptive and correlational analysis over surgical provider [Pediatric Surgeon (PS), GS], and other specialties (OSS), was performed using logistic regression modeling to identify factors associated with surgery by a PS.ResultsOf the 57,265 discharges analyzed, pediatric, general, and other specialty surgeons operated on 25,514 (44.6%), 18,581 (32.5%), and 9049 (15.8%), respectively. In a logistic regression model, PS had lower odds of operating on older patients [odds ratio (OR) 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-0.91]. However, PS were more likely to operate on female patients (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.53-1.65), Black (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43-1.56), and other minority patients (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.29) when compared to white patients. PS were also more likely to operate on patients with private insurance (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.33-1.43) compared to government insurance, and patients undergoing emergency surgery (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.38-1.50).ConclusionIn NC, general surgeons performed a third of the operations on children. After controlling for covariates, pediatric surgeons in NC are more likely to operate on minority and emergency surgery patients, and this is the first study to describe this important practice pattern.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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