• Masahide Goto, Koji Yokoyama, Yasuyuki Nozaki, Koichi Itoh, Ryou Kawamata, Shizuko Matsumoto, and Takanori Yamagata.
• Department of Pediatrics, Hitachiomiya Saiseikai Hospital, Hitachiomiya, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address: mgoto@jichi.ac.jp.
• Brain Dev. 2017 Oct 1; 39 (9): 791-798.

PurposeFew studies have investigated pediatric headaches in Japan. Thus, we examined the lifetime prevalence and characteristics of headaches among elementary and junior high school students in Japan.MethodsIn this school-based study, children aged 6-15years completed a questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3β to assess headache characteristics and related disability.ResultsOf the 3285 respondents, 1623 (49.4%) experienced headaches. Migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH) were reported by 3.5% and 5.4% of elementary school students, respectively, and by 5.0% and 11.2% of junior high school students. Primary headaches increased with age. Compared with TTH sufferers, the dominant triggers in migraine sufferers were hunger (odds ratio=4.7), sunny weather (3.3), and katakori (neck and shoulder pain) (2.5). Compared with TTH, migraine caused higher headache-related frustration (P=0.010) as well as difficulty concentrating (P=0.017). Migraine-related disability was greater among junior high school students (feeling fed up or irritated, P=0.028; difficulty concentrating, P=0.016). TTH-related disability was also greater among junior high school students (feeling fed up or irritated, P=0.035). Approximately half of the students who complained of headache-related disability were not receiving medical treatment.ConclusionThis is the first detailed study of headaches in Japanese children to include elementary school students. Nearly 50% of the school children reported headaches and the disruption of daily activities caused by migraine was higher among junior high students than elementary school students.Copyright © 2017 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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