• Michael Ginnetti, Mouhanad M El-Othmani, Erik Wright, Tony H Tzeng, Jasmine Saleh, J M Lane, William M Mihalko, and Khaled J Saleh.
• Medical Student, Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
• Instr Course Lect. 2016 Jan 1; 65: 521-30.

AbstractVitamin D is a steroid hormone that affects not only bone metabolism and strength but also a variety of musculoskeletal health and surgical outcomes that are relevant to orthopaedic medicine. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include sex, age, skin pigmentation, obesity, and preexisting conditions such as nephritic syndrome and malabsorption syndrome. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of postoperative complications, such as an increased risk of infection, morbidity, and mortality. The standardization of vitamin D terminology as well as a thorough understanding of the medical considerations associated with vitamin D deficiency can improve preoperative planning and clearance, and, ultimately, patient outcomes and satisfaction.

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