• Fatemeh Shabani, Alireza Farasat, Majid Mahdavi, and Nematollah Gheibi.
• Department of Biochemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
• Inflamm. Res. 2018 Oct 1; 67 (10): 801-812.

BackgroundCalprotectin (S100A8/S100A9), a heterodimeric EF-hand Ca2+ binding protein, are abundant in cytosol of neutrophils and are involved in inflammatory processes and several cancerous pathogens.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present systematic review is to evaluate the pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions of calprotectin and its relation to inflammation.Materials And MethodsWe conducted a review of studies published in the Medline (1966-2018), Scopus (2004-2018), ClinicalTrials.gov (2008-2018) and Google Scholar (2004-2018) databases, combined with studies found in the reference lists of the included studies.ResultsElevated levels of S100A8/S100A9 were detected in inflammation, neoplastic tumor cells and various human cancers. Recent data have explained that many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation, and inflammation. The inflammatory microenvironment which largely includes calprotectin, has an essential role on high producing of inflammatory factors and then on neoplastic process and metastasis.ConclusionScientists have shown different outcomes in inflammation, malignancy and apoptosis whether the source of the aforementioned protein is extracellular or intracellular. These findings are offering new insights that anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents and anti-tumorigenic functions of calprotectin can lead to control cancer development.

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