• Chao Du, Lijun Peng, Guanjun Kou, Peng Wang, Lin Lu, and Yanqing Li.
• Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
• Dig. Dis. Sci. 2018 May 1; 63 (5): 1182-1191.

BackgroundIrritable bowel disease (IBS) is viewed upon as a functional disorder of subclinical inflammatory changes in recent years, and there is no reliable biomarker. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), also produced in a soluble form (sTREM-1), is involved in the activation of inflammatory cascades of intracellular events and may play a role in pathogenesis of IBS.AimTo investigate whether serum sTREM-1 level can be used as a marker of subclinical inflammation in D-IBS.MethodsAbdominal pain was quantified by a validated questionnaire. Expression level of TREM-1 in colonic mucosa as well as sTREM-1 level in serum was also detected. Furthermore, we investigated the involvement of TREM-1-associated macrophage activation in IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity.ResultsNo evidence for obvious inflammation was found in D-IBS patients. Serum sTREM-1 level in D-IBS patients was significantly higher than that in HCs, which was also significantly correlated with abdominal pain scores. We showed a marked increase in the proportion of TREM-1-expressing macrophages in D-IBS, which was significantly correlated with abdominal pain scores. Functionally, gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), a macrophage selective inhibitor, or LP17, the TREM-1-specific peptide, significantly suppressed the visceral hypersensitivity in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-treated mice with IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity.ConclusionsSerum sTREM-1 level is significantly higher in D-IBS patients and positively correlates with abdominal pain, which may be initiated by TREM-1-associated macrophage activation, indicating the existence of subclinical inflammation in D-IBS. Therefore, serum sTREM-1 is a potential marker of subclinical inflammation in D-IBS.

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