• Ömer Kasalak, Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker, AdamsHugo J AHJADepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Imaging, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands., Jelle Overbosch, DierckxRudi A J ORAJODepartment of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands., Paul C Jutte, and Thomas C Kwee.
• Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• Skeletal Radiol. 2018 Oct 1; 47 (10): 1383-1391.

PurposeTo investigate the clinical impact of CT-guided biopsy, as performed in routine clinical practice, in patients with suspected spondylodiscitis on MRI in terms of culture yield, impact on antimicrobial treatment, and outcome.MethodsThis study included 64 patients with MRI findings compatible with spondylodiscitis who underwent CT-guided biopsy.ResultsInitial CT-guided biopsies were culture-positive in 20/64 (31.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21.2-43.3%). Repeat CT-guided biopsies (after initial negative biopsy) were culture-positive in an additional 5/15 (33.3%, 95% CI 15.2-58.3%). Serum leukocytes, C-reactive protein, pre-biopsy use of antibiotics, neurological symptoms, MRI findings, vertebral height loss, and hyperkyphosis were not significantly different between culture-positive and culture-negative cases (P = 0.214-1.000); 75% (15/20) of initial CT-guided biopsies that were culture-positive provided additional information to clinicians for guiding antibiotic treatment. Sixty-two of 64 patients (96.9%, 95% CI 89.3-99.1%) would have been adequately treated if a strategy was followed that would subject all patients without clinical findings suspicious for "atypical" microorganisms and negative blood cultures to empirical antibiotics (i.e., clindamycin for coverage of Gram-positive bacteria) without using biopsy results to determine the optimal antibiotic regimen. Outcome within 6 months (development of neurologic or orthopedic complications, surgery, and death) was not significantly different (P = 0.751) between culture-positive and culture-negative patients.ConclusionsAlthough CT-guided biopsies are culture-positive in a minority of cases, the majority of positive cultures are useful to tailor antibiotic treatment. Empirical treatment with clindamycin may cover almost all micro-organisms in positive biopsy specimens, provided patients are not immunocompromised. Outcome appears similar between culture-positive and culture-negative patients.

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