• Priscila Custódio Martins, de LimaLuiz Rodrigo AugustemakLRA0000-0003-0280-0151PhD. Adjunct Professor, Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte (IEFE), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió (AL), Brazil., Tiago Rodrigues de Lima, Edio Luiz Petroski, and SilvaDiego Augusto SantosDAS0000-0002-0489-7906MSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil..
• MSc. Doctoral Student, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2021 Jul 1; 139 (4): 405-411.

BackgroundLow bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. The direct adverse effects of HIV infection and combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) negatively contribute to bone metabolism. A direct relationship between muscle strength levels and BMD in HIV-infected adults and older adults has been described. However, it is unknown whether handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with bone mass in pediatric populations diagnosed with HIV.ObjectiveTo ascertain whether HGS levels are associated with BMC and BMD in HIV-infected children and adolescents.Design And SettingCross-sectional study conducted in Florianãpolis, Brazil, in 2016.MethodsThe subjects were 65 children and adolescents (8-15 years) diagnosed with vertically-transmitted HIV. Subtotal and lumbar-spine BMC and BMD were obtained via dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HGS was measured using manual dynamometers. The covariates of sex, ART, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load were obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Sexual maturation was self-reported and physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Simple and multiple linear regression were used, with P < 0.05.ResultsHGS was directly associated with subtotal BMD (β = 0.002; R² = 0.670; P < 0.001), subtotal BMC (β = 0.090; R² = 0.734; P = 0.005) and lumbar-spine BMC (β = 1.004; R² = 0.656; P = 0.010) in the adjusted analyses. However, no significant association was found between HGS and lumbar-spine BMD (β = 0.001; R² = 0.464; P = 0.299).ConclusionHGS was directly associated with BMD and BMC in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

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