• Hallie S Tannahill, Whitney S Livingston, Jamison D Fargo, Emily Brignone, Adi V Gundlapalli, and Rebecca K Blais.
• Department of Psychology, Utah State University, 2800 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321, United States; Informatics, Decision Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84148, United States. Electronic address: hallie.tannahill@aggiemail.usu.edu.
• J Affect Disord. 2020 May 1; 268: 215-220.

BackgroundMilitary sexual trauma (MST) is associated with increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression diagnoses, as well as suicidal ideation/behavior (SI/B). Little is known about the differential effect of gender on the association of MST and the aforementioned mental health outcomes. As females are the fastest growing subpopulation of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), it is imperative to assess possible between-gender differences in the association of MST with PTSD, depression, and SI/B.MethodsParticipants were 435,690 (n = 382,021, 87.7% men) 9/11 era veterans seen for care at the VHA between 2004 and 2014. Demographics, gender, PTSD and depression diagnoses, SI/B, and MST screen status were extracted from medical records. Adjusted logistic regression models assessed the moderating effect of gender on the association of MST with PTSD and depression diagnoses, as well as SI/B.ResultsWomen with MST had a larger increased risk for a PTSD diagnosis (predicted probability =0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.56, 0.56]) and comparable risk for a depression diagnosis (predicted probability = 0.63, 95% CI [0.63, 0.64]) compared to men with MST. Men were more likely to have evidence of SI/B (predicted probability = 1.07, 95% CI [0.10, 0.11]) relative to women, but the interaction between gender and MST was nonsignificant.LimitationsData were limited to veterans seeking care through VHA and the MST screen did not account for MST severity.ConclusionsNon-VHA settings may consider screening for MST in both men and women, given that risk for PTSD and depression is heightened among female survivors of MST.Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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