• YoungMaria-Elena De TrinidadMThttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-7870Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, USA. mariaelena@ucmerced.edu., Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez, and Steven P Wallace.
• Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, USA. mariaelena@ucmerced.edu.
• Bmc Public Health. 2020 Oct 15; 20 (1): 1460.

BackgroundIn the last thirty years, major shifts in immigrant policy at national and state levels has heightened boundaries among citizens, permanent residents, and those with other statuses. While there is mounting evidence that citizenship influences immigrant health care inequities, there has been less focus on how policies that reinforce citizenship stratification may shape the extent of these inequities. We examine the extent to which the relationship between citizenship and health care inequities is moderated by state-level criminalization policies.MethodsTaking a comparative approach, we assess how distinct criminalization policy contexts across US states are associated with inequitable access to care by citizenship status. Utilizing a data set with state-level measures of criminalization policy and individual-level measures of having a usual source of care from the National Health Interview Survey, we use mixed-effects logistic regression models to assess the extent to which inequities in health care access between noncitizens and US born citizens vary depending on states' criminalization policies.ResultsEach additional criminalization policy was associated with a lower odds that noncitizens in the state had a usual source of care, compared to US born citizens.ConclusionCriminalization policies shape the construction of citizenship stratification across geography, such as exacerbating inequities in health care access by citizenship.

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