• Luis Pereira-da-Silva, Catarina Cabo, Ana Catarina Moreira, Daniel Virella, Tatiana Guerra, Tania Camoes, Ana Rita Silva, Rute Neves, and Goncalo Cordeiro Ferreira.
• Neonatal Division, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.
• Am J Perinatol. 2014 Nov 1; 31 (10): 875-82.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), energy and macronutrient intakes during pregnancy, and gestational weight gain (GWG) on the body composition of full-term appropriate-for-gestational age neonates.Study DesignThis is a cross-sectional study of a systematically recruited convenience sample of mother-infant pairs. Food intake during pregnancy was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and its nutritional value by the Food Processor Plus (ESHA Research Inc, Salem, OR). Neonatal body composition was assessed both by anthropometry and air displacement plethysmography. Explanatory models for neonatal body composition were tested by multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsA total of 100 mother-infant pairs were included. Prepregnancy overweight was positively associated with offspring weight, weight/length, BMI, and fat-free mass in the whole sample; in males, it was also positively associated with midarm circumference, ponderal index, and fat mass. Higher energy intake from carbohydrate was positively associated with midarm circumference and weight/length in the whole sample. Higher GWG was positively associated with weight, length, and midarm circumference in females.ConclusionPositive adjusted associations were found between both prepregnancy BMI and energy intake from carbohydrate and offspring body size in the whole sample. Positive adjusted associations were also found between prepregnancy overweight and adiposity in males, and between GWG and body size in females.Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

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