• Lian Shanshan, Shi Feng, Wei Kaikai, Zhang Yijun, Liu Huiming, and Xie Chuanmiao.
• Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
• Acad Radiol. 2018 Sep 1; 25 (9): 1128-1135.

Rationale And ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived parameters for early evaluation of the efficiency of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment for rabbit liver VX2 tumor.Materials And MethodsEighteen rabbit liver VX2 tumor models were constructed, and computed tomography-guided RFA was performed. One day before and 7 days after RFA, 18 models underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including contrast-enhanced imaging and IVIM diffusion-weighted imaging with 16 b-factors (0-1000 s/mm2). Post-RFA liver tumors were segmented into viable tumor, inflammatory reaction, and ablation necrotic regions according to gross and histopathologic examinations. Parameters derived from IVIM were calculated. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference test were used for comparisons among the three regions. The diagnostic performance of parameters was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsADCtotal, D, and f values were significantly lower in viable tumor than in inflammatory reaction regions (all P < .05), but D* showed no significant difference between the two regions. ADCtotal values of viable tumor regions were significantly lower than that of ablation necrotic regions (P = .007), but D* values of necrotic regions were significantly lower than that of viable tumor regions (P = .045). In ROC analysis, ADC showed the highest area under the ROC curve for differentiating inflammatory reaction from viable tumor region.ConclusionsADCtotal, D, and f were valuable discriminating markers for differentiation between regions of viable tumor and inflammatory reaction in post-RFA tumor, especially ADCtotal outperformed the other two parameters with higher diagnostic performance.Copyright © 2018 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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