• Mehmet Can, Bulent Ahmet Beşirbellioglu, Ismail Yasar Avci, Can Murat Beker, and Alaaddin Pahsa.
• Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
• Med. Sci. Monit. 2006 Apr 1; 12 (4): PI19-22.

BackgroundInterest to probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea is increasing gradually. The most promising seems to be Saccharomyces boulardii . Using a double-blind controlled study, we investigated the preventive effect of S. boulardii on the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in patients under antibiotherapy but not requiring intensive care therapy.Material/MethodsAll the patients were hospitalized at the Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology. S. boulardii was given twice daily during the course of antibiotic therapy and application was initiated in all patients as late as after 48 hours of antibiotic therapy. A total of 151 patients completed the study.ResultsThe antibiotic-associated diarrhea development ratio in placebo group was 9% (7/78) and in the study group 1.4% (1/73) (p < 0.05). Stool samples from the patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea were stored at -70 degrees C and Clostiridium difficile toxin A assay was performed using Enzyme Immune Assay as late as in seven days. C. difficile toxin A assay yielded positive results in two (2/7) stool samples from the patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the placebo group and a negative result in the only patient who developed antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the study group.ConclusionsThe results implied that prophylactic use of Saccharomyces boulardii resulted in reduced, with no serious side effects, antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients.

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