• Xiaojiao Duan, Kaihuan Wang, Jiarui Wu, Dan Zhang, Xinkui Liu, Mengwei Ni, Shuyu Liu, and Ziqi Meng.
• Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
• J Clin Pharm Ther. 2019 Oct 1; 44 (5): 675-684.

What Is Known And ObjectiveAn increasing macrolide resistance leads to complex clinical treatment schemes in mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Chinese herbal injection (CHI) is widely used to treat it and may provide a new treatment regimen. This study was conducted to systematically evaluate the efficacy of CHIs combined with azithromycin for treating mycoplasma pneumonia in children by Bayesian network meta-analysis.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CHIs combined with azithromycin for mycoplasma pneumonia in children were searched in electronic databases and related references from initiation to 30 October 2018. Two researchers conducted data extraction and risk of bias assessment. WinBUGS software and STATA software were adopted to analyse the data.ResultsA total of 167 RCTs were included with 5 CHIs involving 16 144 patients. All CHIs combined with azithromycin had superior effects than azithromycin only among overall outcomes. Yanhuning injection combined with azithromycin ranked highest in four different outcomes and second in two based on surface under the cumulative ranking probabilities (SUCRA). Meanwhile, the results of MD and 95% CIs of concerned outcomes indicated that only Yanhuning injection combined with azithromycin had better response than other CHIs combined with azithromycin. Moreover, cluster analysis results revealed Reduning injection combined with azithromycin was associated with a positive effect on the three group outcomes. Similarly, it was found to be the top three ranking in all outcomes based on SUCRA.What Is New And ConclusionYanhuning injection combined with azithromycin and Reduning injection combined with azithromycin were found to be preferable treatments based on the data of this study.© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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