• Peppiina Saastamoinen, Mikko Laaksonen, Sanna-Mari Kääriä, Tea Lallukka, Päivi Leino-Arjas, Ossi Rahkonen, and Eero Lahelma.
• Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, Helsinki, Finland. peppiina.saastamoinen@helsinki.fi
• Pain. 2012 Mar 1;153(3):526-31.

AbstractThis study examined the association of pain with subsequent disability retirement due to all causes as well as musculoskeletal diseases, mental disorders, and a heterogeneous group of other diseases and to study whether pain has an effect of its own after taking into account long-standing illness, physician-diagnosed diseases, working conditions, and occupational class, which are the key factors affecting disability retirement. The data consisted of the Helsinki Health Study baseline survey linked to national pension register data (n=6258). Mean follow-up time was 8.1 years. The data included 594 disability retirement events. Pain (acute or chronic) was stratified by long-standing illness (yes/no). Cox regression analysis was performed. Chronic pain without and with co-occurring long-standing illness was strongly associated with all types of disability retirement outcomes, but the associations were particularly strong for disability retirement due to musculoskeletal diseases. The associations remained even when further adjusted for physician diagnosed chronic conditions and diseases, psychosocial and physical working conditions, and occupational class. Associations for acute pain were also found, but they were clearly weaker than those of chronic pain. Chronic pain contributes to disability retirement. Prevention and effective treatment of chronic pain may help prevent early retirement due to disability.Copyright © 2011 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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