• Fabienne Marlats, Leila Djabelkhir-Jemmi, Eric Azabou, Marouane Boubaya, Sjaak Pouwels, and Anne-Sophie Rigaud.
• Department of Clinical Gerontology, Broca Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Research TEAM EA4468, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. fabiennemarlats@gmail.com.
• Trials. 2019 Jan 29; 20 (1): 88.

BackgroundOlder adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are at high risk of progressing to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Slowing down the effect of dementia by enhancing brain plasticity represents one of the most prominent challenges. Neurofeedback (NF) has shown promising results in improving working memory but has never been evaluated in people with MCI. We aim to examine whether NF training can decrease cognitive disorders, targeting memory, attention functions and brain electrical activity in elderly patients with MCI.MethodsIn this single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol, we will investigate the effects of two NF training protocols on cognitive performances and on brain electrical activity. Sixty MCI patients will be assigned either to an intervention program or to psycho-pedagogical care as a control condition. Participants in the intervention group will attend 30 sessions of sensorimotor/delta-ratio NF training or beta1/theta-ratio NF training. Neuropsychological assessment, questionnaires and electroencephalography (EEG) assessment parameters will be used as dependent variables in three periods: at baseline (T0), immediately after the last NF training session at 4 months (T1) and at 3-month follow-up (T2). The primary outcome will be the change in attention measured with the Trail Making Test B. Secondary outcome will be the changes in cognitive performance and in EEG activities.DiscussionIf the results of our study show improvement in cognitive performances of older adults with MCI, this non-invasive, low-cost technique may deserve better consideration as a therapeutic intervention to delay cognitive decline and dementia. Consequently, research in NF will need to review and develop the rigor of its application in gerontology.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03526692 . Registered on 16 May 2018.

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