• Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging · Dec 2015

    Feasibility and utility of re-treatment with (177)Lu-DOTATATE in GEP-NENs relapsed after treatment with (90)Y-DOTATOC.

    • Stefano Severi, Maddalena Sansovini, Annarita Ianniello, Lisa Bodei, Silvia Nicolini, Toni Ibrahim, Valentina Di Iorio, Vincenzo D'Errico, Paola Caroli, Manuela Monti, and Giovanni Paganelli.
    • Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy. stefano.severi@irst.emr.it.
    • Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 2015 Dec 1; 42 (13): 1955-63.

    PurposePeptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a valid therapy for grade 1/2 gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Although a median progression-free survival (PFS) of more than 20 months is frequently observed, the majority of patients relapse after 2 - 3 years. In the present study, we investigated the use of low dosage re-treatment with (177)Lu-DOTATATE (Lu-PRRT) in patients with GEP-NENs who relapsed after treatment with (90)Y-DOTATOC (Y-PRRT).MethodsUpon tumour progression, 26 patients with a PFS of at least 12 months after Y-PRRT were consecutively enrolled in a phase II study of re-treatment with Lu-PRRT. All patients had preserved kidney and haematological parameters and received 14.8 - 18.5 GBq of Lu-PRRT in four or five cycles. The disease control rate (DCR), toxicity, PFS and prognostic factors were evaluated.ResultsMedian total activity of Lu-PRRT was 16.5 GBq in five cycles. The DCR was 84.6%, median PFS was 22 months (95% CI 16 months - not reached) compared to 28 months (95% CI 20 - 36 months) after Y-PRRT. Tumour burden and number of liver metastases were important prognostic factors. Toxicity was mild after Lu-PRRT re-treatment in the majority of patients, with only two patients with grade 2 and one with grade 3 bone marrow toxicity; one patient had grade 2 and one grade 3 renal toxicity.ConclusionPatients with GEP-NEN who have previously responded to Y-PRRT are suitable candidates for Lu-PRRT re-treatment on progression. Although our sample size was limited, low-dosage Lu-PRRT was safe, and led to DCR and PFS rates comparable with those observed when Y-PRRT was used as primary treatment.

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