• Maxime Carpentier, Davy Aubeux, Valérie Armengol, Fabienne Pérez, Tony Prud'homme, and Alexis Gaudin.
• Maxime Carpentier is an undergraduate student, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Davy Aubeux, DDS, MS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Valérie Armengol, DDS, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Fabienne Pérez, DDS, PhD, is Professor and Chair, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Tony Prud'homme, DDS, MS, is Associate Practionner, Department of Pedodontics, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; and Alexis Gaudin, DDS, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
• J Dent Educ. 2019 Apr 1; 83 (4): 407-415.

AbstractScientific evidence validating the beneficial effect of loupes in preventing musculoskeletal disorders is very scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dental loupes on dental students' posture during a preclinical restorative dentistry course. Using a randomized crossover design, this study was conducted at the School of Dentistry, University of Nantes, France, in 2017. Forty students in their second year of dental study were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each: group A used loupes, whereas group B did not. The week after, students reversed configurations (each subject served as his or her own treatment and control group). Students were video-recorded during cavity preparation. Trunk, head and neck, and upper arm positions were analyzed using continuous scores based on the modified Posture Assessment Instrument. Additionally, cavities were rated, and students completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of the loupes. On a scale on which lower scores indicated better posture, the results showed significantly higher posture ergonomic scores per minute for students without loupes (146.3±6.64 points/min) than with loupes (123.2±6.77 points/min; p<0.05). The majority of the students (32/39, 82%) showed improvements in ergonomic postures with the use of loupes. Trunk, head, and neck were positively impacted by the use of loupes, but not the upper arms. Cavity preparations were not improved by the use of loupes. The questionnaire revealed negative aspects (pain and difficulty adapting) but underlined the perceived positive impact on posture. This study documented the ergonomic advantages and challenges of introducing magnification near the beginning of the dental training program.

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