• Silvia Rathmann, Sabine Glatzel, Kathrin Schönberg, Markus Uhrberg, Marie Follo, Christian Schulz-Huotari, Markus Kaymer, Hendrik Veelken, Jürgen Finke, and Paul Fisch.
• Department of Hematology/Oncology, Freiburg University Hospital, Breisacher Strasse 115A, Freiburg, Germany.
• Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010 Apr 1; 16 (4): 469-81.

AbstractThe prognosis after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the treatment of leukemia or lymphoma in humans is influenced by donor-derived natural killer (NK) cells, which enhance the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Such alloreactive killer cells can be generated in vivo after HCT if the donor expresses killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), such as KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/3, or KIR3DL1, for which the recipient lacks HLA class I ligands. We studied effector cells from 22 KIR/HLA-ligand mismatched and 14 KIR/HLA-ligand matched, primarily HLA-matched patient-donor pairs after allogeneic HCT. A novel 8-color flow cytometry panel allowed us to characterize effector-cell populations without "broadly reactive" inhibitory receptors such as CD94/NKG2A or LIR1. The numbers of such NKG2A(-) LIR1(-) NK cells increased following HCT in patients transplanted by KIR/HLA-ligand mismatched grafts, compared to KIR/HLA-ligand matched grafts, and in patients transplanted from donors of the A/B, compared to A/A, KIR haplotypes. NKG2A(-)LIR1(-) NK cells expressing only those inhibitory KIRs for which the patient had no HLA class I ligands could be stimulated by HLA class I-deficient cells to express CD107a. Thus, NKG2A(-)LIR1(-) NK cells may be important GVL effector cells following HCT, even in patients transplanted from HLA-matched donors.Copyright (c) 2010 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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