• Rafael Martínez-Monge, Marta Moreno, Raquel Ciérvide, Mauricio Cambeiro, José Luis Pérez-Gracia, Ignacio Gil-Bazo, Miren Gaztañaga, Leire Arbea, Ignacio Pascual, and Javier Aristu.
• Department of Radiation Oncology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain. rmartinezm@unav.es
• Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2012 Mar 1; 82 (3): e469-76.

PurposeTo determine the feasibility of combined long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and dose escalation with high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy.Methods And MaterialsBetween 2001 and 2007, 200 patients with high-risk prostate cancer (32.5%) or very high-risk prostate cancer (67.5%) were prospectively enrolled in this Phase II trial. Tumor characteristics included a median pretreatment prostate-specific antigen of 15.2 ng/mL, a clinical stage of T2c, and a Gleason score of 7. Treatment consisted of 54 Gy of external irradiation (three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy [3DCRT]) followed by 19 Gy of HDR brachytherapy in four twice-daily treatments. ADT started 0-3 months before 3DCRT and continued for 2 years.ResultsOne hundred and ninety patients (95%) received 2 years of ADT. After a median follow-up of 3.7 years (range, 2-9), late Grade ≥2 urinary toxicity was observed in 18% of the patients and Grade ≥3 was observed in 5%. Prior transurethral resection of the prostate (p = 0.013) and bladder D(50) ≥1.19 Gy (p = 0.014) were associated with increased Grade ≥2 urinary complications; age ≥70 (p = 0.05) was associated with Grade ≥3 urinary complications. Late Grade ≥2 gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 9% of the patients and Grade ≥3 in 1.5%. CTV size ≥35.8 cc (p = 0.007) and D(100) ≥3.05 Gy (p = 0.01) were significant for increased Grade ≥2 complications. The 5-year and 9-year biochemical relapse-free survival (nadir + 2) rates were 85.1% and 75.7%, respectively. Patients with Gleason score of 7-10 had a decreased biochemical relapse-free survival (p = 0.007).ConclusionsIntermediate-term results at the 5-year time point indicate a favorable outcome without an increase in the rate of late complications.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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