• Ana Paula Carvalho-E-Silva, Manuela L Ferreira, Paulo H Ferreira, and Alison R Harmer.
• Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: amou6759@uni.sydney.edu.au.
• Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2020 Aug 1; 50 (4): 728-734.

ObjectiveWe investigated cross-sectional associations and whether type 2 diabetes increases the risk of musculoskeletal pain after adjusting for the presence of important comorbidities.MethodsThe study employed data from the UK Biobank participants: 495,327 in cross-sectional (2006-2010) and 16,875 in longitudinal (2014-2016) analyses. Type 2 diabetes was self-reported and subsequently confirmed during an interview. Musculoskeletal pain was diagnosed by the participants' reports of back, knee, hip, or neck/shoulder pain that interfered with usual activities in the last month (recent pain), and for more than 3 months (chronic pain).ResultsIn cross-sectional adjusted logistic regression analyses, type 2 diabetes was associated with recent and chronic neck/shoulder pain [OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.10-1.18; OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.10-1.19] and hip pain [OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.08-1.17; OR 1.14 95%CI 1.09-1.19]; and with chronic knee pain [OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.01-1.01]. In longitudinal adjusted analyses, type 2 diabetes increased the risk of recent and chronic neck/shoulder pain [OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.01-1.91; OR 1.56; 95%CI 1.14-2.19].ConclusionPeople with type 2 diabetes are more likely to report musculoskeletal pain in shoulder/neck, knee or hip. In addition, people with type 2 diabetes, particularly women, are more likely to present with a future episode of neck/shoulder pain. This study highlights the need to consider musculoskeletal screening among patients with diabetes and also serves as a stimulus for investigation of the mechanisms that explain the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and type 2 diabetes; with a view to prevention or improving future treatment.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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