• D J Hawkes, D Barratt, J M Blackall, C Chan, P J Edwards, K Rhode, G P Penney, J McClelland, and D L G Hill.
• Division of Imaging Sciences, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, UK. david.hawkes@kcl.ac.uk
• Med Image Anal. 2005 Apr 1; 9 (2): 163-75.

AbstractThis paper promotes the concept of active models in image-guided interventions. We outline the limitations of the rigid body assumption in image-guided interventions and describe how intraoperative imaging provides a rich source of information on spatial location of anatomical structures and therapy devices, allowing a preoperative plan to be updated during an intervention. Soft tissue deformation and variation from an atlas to a particular individual can both be determined using non-rigid registration. Established methods using free-form deformations have a very large number of degrees of freedom. Three examples of deformable models--motion models, biomechanical models and statistical shape models--are used to illustrate how prior information can be used to restrict the number of degrees of freedom of the registration algorithm and thus provide active models for image-guided interventions. We provide preliminary results from applications for each type of model.

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