• S Gilman, P A Low, N Quinn, A Albanese, Y Ben-Shlomo, C J Fowler, H Kaufmann, T Klockgether, A E Lang, P L Lantos, I Litvan, C J Mathias, E Oliver, D Robertson, I Schatz, and G K Wenning.
• Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0316, USA. sgilman@umich.edu
• J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1998 Dec 11; 74 (2-3): 189-92.

AbstractWe report the results of a consensus conference on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). We describe the clinical features of the disease, which include four domains: autonomic failure/urinary dysfunction, parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia, and corticospinal dysfunction. We set criteria to define the relative importance of these features. The diagnosis of possible MSA requires one criterion plus two features from separate other domains. The diagnosis of probable MSA requires the criterion for autonomic failure/urinary dysfunction plus poorly levodopa responsive parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia. The diagnosis of definite MSA requires pathological confirmation.

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