• Nicolò Maria Buffi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Rodolfo Hurle, Massimo Lazzeri, Gianluigi Taverna, Giorgio Bozzini, Riccardo Bertolo, Enrico Checcucci, Francesco Porpiglia, Nicola Fossati, Giorgio Gandaglia, Alessandro Larcher, Nazareno Suardi, Francesco Montorsi, Giuliana Lista, Giorgio Guazzoni, and Alexandre Mottrie.
• Department of Urology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: buffi.nicolomaria@gmail.com.
• Eur. Urol. 2017 Jun 1; 71 (6): 945-951.

BackgroundMinimally invasive treatment of benign ureteral strictures is still challenging because of its technical complexity. In this context, robot-assisted surgery may overcome the limits of the laparoscopic approach.ObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes for robotic ureteral repair in a multi-institutional cohort of patients treated for ureteropelvic junction obstruction and ureteral stricture (US) at four tertiary referral centres.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsThis retrospective study reports data for 183 patients treated with standard robot-assisted pyeloplasty (PYP) and robotic uretero-ureterostomy (UUY) at four high-volume centres from January 2006 to September 2014.Surgical ProcedureRobotic PYP and robot-assisted UUY were performed according to previously reported surgical techniques.Outcome Measurements And Statistical AnalysisPreoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables and outcomes were assessed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed.Results And LimitationsNo robot-assisted UUY cases required surgical conversion, while 2.8% of PYP cases were not completed robotically. The median operative time was 120 and 150min for robot-assisted PYP and robot-assisted UUY, respectively. No intraoperative complications were reported. The overall complication rate for all procedures was 11% (n=20) and complications were mostly of low grade. The high-grade complication rate was 2.2% (n=4). At median follow-up of 24 mo, the overall success rate was >90% for both procedures. The study limitations include its retrospective nature and the heterogeneity of the study population.ConclusionsRobotic surgery for benign US is safe and effective, with limited risk of high-grade complications and good intermediate-term results.Patient SummaryIn this study we review the use of robotic surgery at four different tertiary care centres in the treatment of patients affected by benign ureteral strictures. Our results demonstrate that robotic surgery is a safe alternative to the standard open approach in the treatment of ureteral strictures.Copyright © 2016 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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