• Aris Widayati, Dita Maria Virginia, Christianus Heru Setiawan, Fenty Fenty, Maria Wisnu Donowati, Putu Dyana Christasani, Titien Siwi Hartayu, Rita Suhadi, Bandana Saini, and Carol Armour.
• Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address: ariswidayati@usd.ac.id.
• Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018 Dec 1; 14 (12): 1172-1179.

BackgroundOver recent years the pharmacy profession in Indonesia has adopted a stance of pharmaceutical care to expand their scope of practice. Asthma management presents a key opportunity for pharmacists to test expanded roles in health service provision. There is however no exploratory work on the willingness, experience or future practice needs of Indonesian pharmacists in the realm of specialised asthma service provision.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to explore Indonesian pharmacists' experiences, perspectives, and needs regarding the provision of pharmaceutical care for asthma patients in Indonesia.MethodsThe study utilised conventional qualitative content analyses with two stages, i.e.: deductive analyses and inductive concept development. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Method. FGDs were conducted using a topic guide and by facilitators trained in FGD conduct. FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim prior to analysis. A maximum variation sampling methods targeted pharmacist across various settings of practice within Yogyakarta Indonesia.ResultsNine focus groups with 103 pharmacist participants were conducted, with an average of 11 participants in each group. Inductively derived concepts that emerged included: willingness to adopt asthma service provision roles, pragmatism in recognising essential barriers/facilitators in adopting such roles, reflections regarding practice gaps and barriers to interprofessional collaboration mainly in relation to doctors. Inductive data analysis indicated clear differences in responses between hospital and non-hospital pharmacists. Key barriers to service provision included lack of training, lack of supportive professional frameworks, time and lack of reimbursement channels for services. Participants urged for a visionary leadership to facilitate pharmacists' role expansion into health services provision in Indonesia.ConclusionsIndonesian pharmacists were willing to adopt change and reported universally recognised barriers and facilitators to changing roles, especially in the provision of asthma care. Given this universality of pharmacists expressions, it may be suggested that the experience of researchers and academics who have expended time and effort in developing and implementing asthma care models in other countries should be, to some extent, transplanted to regions where pharmacy organisations are now considering adopting roles additional to medicines supply.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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