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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2017
Indicators of dependence for different types of tobacco product users: Descriptive findings from Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.
- David R Strong, Jennifer Pearson, Sarah Ehlke, Thomas Kirchner, David Abrams, Kristie Taylor, Wilson M Compton, Kevin P Conway, Elizabeth Lambert, Victoria R Green, Lynn C Hull, Sarah E Evans, K Michael Cummings, Maciej Goniewicz, Andrew Hyland, and Raymond Niaura.
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0631 La Jolla, San Diego, 92093-0631, CA, United States. Electronic address: dstrong@ucsd.edusdd.
- Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Sep 1; 178: 257-266.
Background And AimsWith no established standard for assessing tobacco dependence (TD) across tobacco products in surveys, the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study provides a unique platform for examining the psychometric properties and validity of multiple indicators of tobacco dependence across a range of tobacco products.ParticipantsA U.S. nationally representative sample from the 32,320 adult Wave 1 interviews with analyses focused on 14,287 respondents who were current established users of tobacco products.FindingsThis analysis confirms a single primary latent construct underlying responses to TD indicators for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, hookah, and smokeless tobacco products. Mutually exclusive past year tobacco-user groups included: cigarette only (n=8689), e-cigarette only (n=437), cigar only (traditional, cigarillo, or filtered) (n=706), hookah only (n=461), smokeless tobacco only (n=971), cigarette plus e-cigarette (n=709), and multiple tobacco product users (n=2314). Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses supported use of 16 of the 24 examined TD indicators for comparisons across tobacco users. With cigarette users as a reference (mean=0.0, SD=1.0), we observed a range of TD with hookah (mean=-1.71) and cigar (mean=-1.92) only users being the lowest, and cigarette plus e-cigarette product users being the highest (mean=0.35). Regression models including sociodemographic factors supported concurrent validity with increased product use frequency and TD among cigarette-only (p<0.001), e-cigarette only (p<0.002), cigar (p<0.001), hookah only (p<0.001), and smokeless tobacco users (p<0.001).ConclusionThe PATH Study Adult Wave 1 Questionnaire provided psychometrically valid measures of TD that enables future regulatory investigations of nicotine dependence across tobacco products.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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