• J Affect Disord · Feb 2019

    Gray and white matter differences in adolescents and young adults with prior suicide attempts across bipolar and major depressive disorders.

    • Siyan Fan, Elizabeth T C Lippard, Anjali Sankar, Amanda Wallace, Jennifer A Y Johnston, Fei Wang, Brian Pittman, Linda Spencer, Maria A Oquendo, and Hilary P Blumberg.
    • Departments of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: siyan.fan@yale.edu.
    • J Affect Disord. 2019 Feb 15; 245: 1089-1097.

    BackgroundFindings regarding brain circuitry abnormalities in suicide attempters (SAs) converge across bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), the most common disorders observed in suicides. These abnormalities appear to be present during adolescence/young adulthood when suicide rates increase steeply, and suicide is a leading cause of death in this age group. Identification of brain circuitry common to adolescent/young adult SAs with BD and MDD is important for generating widely effective early prevention strategies. We examined brain circuitry in SAs in adolescents/young adults across these two disorders.MethodsEighty-three participants (ages 14-25 years), 46 with BD (21 SAs) and 37 with MDD (19 SAs), underwent structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance scanning. Whole-brain analyses compared gray matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA) between SAs and non-suicide attempters (NSAs) across and within BD and MDD (p < 0.005).ResultsAcross and within BD and MDD, SAs showed differences compared to NSAs in ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) GM volume and fronto-limbic (including uncinate fasciculus (UF)) WM FA. Exploratory analyses showed additional within-disorder differences for BD SAs in dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) and hippocampus GM volume and UF FA, and for MDD SAs dorsomedial and dlPFC GM and dorsal frontal WM. However, there was no significant interaction between suicide attempt status and diagnosis.LimitationsModest sample size.ConclusionsCommon fronto-limbic gray and white matter alterations in adolescent/young adult SAs are potential targets for suicide prevention strategies across mood disorders. Preliminary findings of disorder-specific regional findings could suggest diagnostic-specific optimal targets may exist.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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