• Fabian Bartsch, Verena Tripke, Janine Baumgart, Maria Hoppe-Lotichius, Stefan Heinrich, and Hauke Lang.
• Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
• Int J Surg. 2019 Jul 1; 67: 62-69.

BackgroundFor complete removal of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extended resection is often necessary. Information on the influence of visceral or vascular extension, extended resection, or postoperative morbidity on survival is scarce. The aim of this study was to show the impact of an aggressive surgical attitude on morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcome.Materials And MethodsAll explorations at a high volume tertiary center between January 2008 and June 2018 with histological proof of ICC were included in this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the extent of resection, secondary outcomes were postoperative morbidity, and their influence on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).ResultsOut of 210 patients, 150 underwent curative intended resection. A total of 87 extended, 26 major, and 37 minor resections were performed.In-hospital morbidity occurred in 46% of patients, with a 90-daymortality of 8%. Severity and frequency of morbidity did not differ significantly in the extended, major, or minor resection groups. If minor or major resections with visceral and/or vascular extensions were included in the extended resection group, minor (p = 0.005) and major (p = 0.042) resection had significantly better OSthan the extended resection group. All groups had significantly better OS than the exploration group. Comparing the different extended resection groups (segmental extended resection, segmental extended resection with visceral/vascular extension, minor/major resection with visceral/vascular extension), no difference was found (p = 0.977). Regarding RFSand the extent of resection, minor resection benefitted RFS, though not significantly (p = 0.051). Morbidity had no influence on RFS (p = 0.649).ConclusionExtended resection results in worse OS in patients with ICC than major or minor liver resection. Minor and major resection with visceral or vascular extension should be classified as extended resection. Despite worse OS, extended resection offers a chance for long-term survival and performs significantly better than the exploration group with manageable accompanied risks.Copyright © 2019 IJS Publishing Group Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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