• Johanna Konopacki, Raphaël Porcher, Marie Robin, Sabine Bieri, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Jérôme Larghero, Aliénor Xhaard, Anna Lisa Andreoli, Nathalie Dhedin, Anna Petropoulou, Paula Rodriguez-Otero, Patricia Ribaud, Hélène Moins-Teisserenc, Maryvonnick Carmagnat, Antoine Toubert, Yves Chalandon, Gérard Socie, and Régis Peffault de Latour.
• Hématologie Greffe, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
• Haematologica. 2012 May 1; 97 (5): 710-6.

BackgroundDue to increased rates of secondary solid organ cancer in patients with severe aplastic anemia who received an irradiation-based conditioning regimen, we decided some years ago to use the combination of cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin. We report the long-term follow up of patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor after this conditioning regimen.Design And MethodsWe analyzed 61 consecutive patients transplanted from June 1991 to February 2010, following conditioning with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) and antithymocyte globulin (2.5 mg/kg/day × 5 days).ResultsMedian age was 21 years (range 4-43); 41 of the 61 patients were adults. Median duration of the disease before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 93 days. All but 2 patients received bone marrow as the source of stem cells and all but 2 engrafted. Cumulative incidence of acute grade II-IV graft-versus-host disease was 23% (95%CI 13-34) and 18 developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (cumulative incidence 32% at 72 months, 95% CI 20-46). In multivariate analysis, a higher number of infused CD3 cells was associated with an increased risk of developing chronic graft-versus-host disease (P = 0.017). With a median follow up of 73 months (range 8-233), the estimated 6-year overall survival was 87% (95% CI 78-97). At 72 months, the cumulative incidence of avascular necrosis was 21% and 12 patients presented with endocrine dysfunction (cumulative incidence of 19%). Only one patient developed a secondary malignancy (Hodgkin's lymphoma) during follow up.ConclusionsCyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin is an effective conditioning regimen for patients with severe aplastic anemia and is associated with low treatment-related mortality. Long-term complications include avascular necrosis and endocrine dysfunction.

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