• Qian Huang, Ming-Li Sun, Yuan Chen, Xin-Yan Li, and Yong-Xiang Wang.
• King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
• J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Jan 20; 196: 151-159.

Ethnopharmacological RelevanceBullatine A, a C20-diterpenoid alkaloid and one of the major effective ingredients in Aconiti brachypodi Radix (Xue-shang-yi-zhi-hao), can block pain hypersensitivity in a variety of rodent models through expression of spinal microglial dynorphin A.Aim Of The StudyTo assess the interaction between bullatine A and morphine on antinociception in acute nociception and pain hypersensitivity states, with the exogenous synthetic dynorphin A as a comparison MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic rats and naïve mice were used for assessing the acute and chronic interactions of bullatine A/dynorphin A with morphine.ResultsSingle subcutaneous injection of bullatine A or dynorphin A(1-17) did not either alter formalin- and thermally (hot-plate and water immersion tests)-induced acute nociception or potentiate morphine antinociception in naïve mice. In contrast, bullatine A dose-dependently inhibited formalin-induced tonic pain with the efficacy of 54% inhibition and the half-effective dose of 0.9mg/kg. Concurrent bullatine A additively enhanced morphine antinociception. In neuropathic rats, the antinociceptive effects of multiple bidaily intrathecal injections of bullatine A and dynorphin A remained consistent over 13 days, whereas morphine produced progressive and complete tolerance to antinociception, which was completely inhibited by concurrent bullatine A and dynorphin A. A single intrathecal injection of bullatine A and dynorphin A immediately reversed established morphine tolerance in neuropathic rats, although the blockade was a less degree in the thermally induced mouse acute nociceptive tests. The inhibitory effects of bullatine A and dynorphin A on morphine tolerance were immediately and completely attenuated by intrathecal dynorphin A antibody and/or selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist GNTI.ConclusionThese results suggest that bullatine A produces antinociception without induction of tolerance and inhibits morphine antinociceptive tolerance, and provide pharmacological basis for concurrent bullatine A and morphine treatment for chronic pain and morphine analgesic tolerance.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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