• B E Meyerson, J D Agley, W Jayawardene, L A Eldridge, P Arora, C Smith, N Vadiei, A Kennedy, T Moehling, and PharmNet Research Team.
• Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana, USA; Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana, USA; Southwest Institute for Research on Women, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Electronic address: bmeyerson@email.arizona.edu.
• Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020 May 1; 16 (5): 699-709.

BackgroundEvidence-based harm reduction intervention components which might benefit pharmacy patients have not been integrated and studied.ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a proposed pharmacy-based harm reduction intervention to reduce opioid overdose, HIV and hepatitis C called PharmNet.MethodsIndiana managing pharmacists were surveyed in 2018 to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention for opioid misuse screening, brief intervention, syringe and naloxone dispensing, and referrals provision. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed the survey development and analysis.ResultsThe sample included 303 (30.8%) pharmacists; 215 (70.9%) provided detailed written comments. Intervention Characteristics: 83.3% believed PharmNet would benefit patients, and that staff could deliver the intervention with adequate training (70.0%). Inner Setting: While 77.2% believed their pharmacy culture supported practice change, 57.5% of chain pharmacists believed their pharmacies would not have time for PharmNet. Outer Setting: 73.3% believed additional addiction and overdose screening is needed in their community, and pharmacies should offer new services to help reduce opioid overdose and addiction among their patients (79.5%). A vast majority (97.7%) were asked by patients in the past 2 years about syringe related issues; 67.7% were asked about syringes for non-prescription injection drug use. Individuals Involved: While 62.4% believed PharmNet was within pharmacy scope of practice and 90.1% were comfortable consulting about syringe use, pharmacists reported that they had limited control over the implementation environment.Process38.0% of pharmacists indicated interest in advising the development of PharmNet.ConclusionsAn implementation trial of a modified version of PharmNet is likely feasible; yet will be challenged by structural pressures particularly in chain pharmacies. Successful implementation will involve the development of resources and policy components to manage outer and inner setting characteristics and align the intervention to the implementation environment.Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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