• Marlyse Frieda Haward, Ryan O Murphy, and John M Lorenz.
• Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA.mhaward@aol.com
• J Med Ethics. 2012 Dec 1;38(12):713-8.

ObjectiveTo determine whether presenting delivery room management options as defaults influences decisions to resuscitate extremely premature infants.Materials And MethodsAdult volunteers recruited from the world wide web were randomised to receive either resuscitation or comfort care as the delivery room management default option for a hypothetical delivery of a 23-week gestation infant. Participants were required to check a box to opt out of the default. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of respondents electing resuscitation. Data were analysed using χ(2) tests and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsParticipants who were told the delivery room management default option was resuscitation were more likely to opt for resuscitation (OR 6.54 95% CI 3.85 to 11.11, p<0.001). This effect persisted on multivariate regression analysis (OR 7.00, 95% CI 3.97 to 12.36, p<0.001). Female gender, being married or in a committed relationship, being highly religious, experiences with prematurity, and favouring sanctity of life were significantly associated with decisions to resuscitate.DiscussionPresenting delivery room options for extremely premature infants as defaults exert a significant effect on decision makers. The information structure of the choice task may act as a subtle form of manipulation. Further, this effect may operate in ways that a decision maker is not aware of and this raises questions of patient autonomy.ConclusionPresenting delivery room options for extremely premature infants as defaults may compromise autonomous decision-making.

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