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- Jodie Hughes and David Bardell.
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Wirral, UK. Electronic address: jodieh@liverpool.ac.uk.
- Vet Anaesth Analg. 2019 Nov 1; 46 (6): 765-771.
ObjectiveTo establish reference intervals for arterial blood-gas (ABG), acid-base and electrolyte values from a healthy equine population.Study DesignRetrospective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 139 client-owned, systemically healthy horses, 1 year of age and older, presented for elective surgical procedures.MethodsBlood samples were collected anaerobically from the transverse facial or common carotid artery of horses breathing room air, prior to administration of preanaesthetic medication. Samples were analysed immediately, without correction for body temperature, using an automated bench-top analyser. Variables analysed included pH, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and plasma concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl-). Actual and standardized plasma bicarbonate concentration [HCO3- (P) and HCO3- (P, st)], blood and extracellular fluid base excess [base (B) and base (ECF)] and anion gap (AG) were calculated by the machine from preprogrammed algorithms. Methods used for determination of PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3- (P), HCO3- (P, st), base (B) and base (ECF) met the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference intervals were determined with the nonparametric or the standard parametric method dependent on data distribution.ResultsReference intervals were determined for pH, 7.37-7.49; PaCO2, 4.84-7.20 kPa (36.3-54.0 mmHg); PaO2, 11.01-14.97 kPa (82.6-112.3 mmHg); Na+, 133-141 mmol L-1; K+, 3.05-4.65 mmol L-1; Ca2+, 1.34-1.72 mmol L-1; Cl-, 100-110 mmol L-1; HCO3- (P), 23.55-33.90 mmol L-1; HCO3- (P, st), 23.87-32.45 mmol L-1; base (B), 0.51-8.80 mmol L-1; base (ECF), -0.53 to 9.39 mmol L-1 and AG, 1.5-11.5 mEq L-1.Conclusions And Clinical RelevanceThese data were derived from the largest group of horses reported in a single study and may aid in interpretation of ABG, acid-base and electrolyte measurements in clinical practice.Copyright © 2019 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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