• Clin Cancer Res · May 2008

    Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the therapy of retinoblastoma.

    • Clifton Lee Dalgard, Kurtis R Van Quill, and Joan M O'Brien.
    • Ocular Oncology Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
    • Clin Cancer Res. 2008 May 15; 14 (10): 3113-23.

    PurposeTo evaluate the potential utility of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) for treatment of retinoblastoma (RB).Experimental DesignGrowth-inhibitory effects of HDACi [trichostatin A (TSA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), or MS-275] were assessed in human and transgenic murine RB cells. Effects of TSA and MS-275 were also assessed in combination with standard therapeutic agents for RB. Proapoptotic effects of MS-275 and TSA were evaluated by caspase-3/7 activity, Annexin V translocation, and/or Bim expression analyses. Effects of MS-275 on cell cycle distribution and reactive oxygen species levels were determined by flow cytometry. Retinal tissue morphology was evaluated in mice after local administration of MS-275. Analysis of retinal acetyl-histone levels was used to assess MS-275 delivery after systemic administration. Therapeutic effects of MS-275 were determined in transgenic mouse and rat ocular xenograft models of RB after i.p. injection of 20 mg/kg every other day for 21 or 13 days, respectively.ResultsTSA, SAHA, and MS-275 dose dependently reduced RB cell survival. TSA and MS-275 showed additive growth-inhibitory effects in combination with carboplatin, etoposide, or vincristine. TSA and MS-275 increased caspase-3/7 activity. MS-275 increased Annexin V membrane translocation and induced G1 arrest. Cytotoxicity of MS-275 was dependent on increased reactive oxygen species levels and was reversed by antioxidant pretreatment. Intraocular administration of 1 microL of 10 micromol/L MS-275 did not alter ocular tissue morphology. Increased acetyl-histone levels confirmed MS-275 delivery to retinal tissue after systemic administration. MS-275 significantly reduced tumor burden in both mouse and rat models of RB.ConclusionsHDACi should be considered for clinical trials in children with RB.

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