• FASEB J. · Nov 2020

    Review

    SARS-CoV-2 and the possible connection to ERs, ACE2, and RAGE: Focus on susceptibility factors.

    • Roberta Sessa Stilhano, Angelica Jardim Costa, Michelle Sayuri Nishino, Shahin Shams, Cynthia Silva Bartolomeo, Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa, Eduardo Alexandre Silva, Ana Lopez Ramirez, Carla Maximo Prado, and Rodrigo Portes Ureshino.
    • Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    • FASEB J. 2020 Nov 1; 34 (11): 14103-14119.

    AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has provoked major stresses on the health-care systems of several countries, and caused the death of more than a quarter of a million people globally, mainly in the elderly population with preexisting pathologies. Previous studies with coronavirus (SARS-CoV) point to gender differences in infection and disease progression with increased susceptibility in male patients, indicating that estrogens may be associated with physiological protection against the coronavirus. Therefore, the objectives of this work are threefold. First, we aim to summarize the SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway and the roles both the virus and patient play in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) progression, clinical symptomatology, and mortality. Second, we detail the effect estrogen has on viral infection and host infection response, including its role in both the regulation of key viral receptor expression and the mediation of inflammatory activity. Finally, we describe how ERs (estrogen receptors) and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) play a critical role in metabolic pathways, which we envisage could maintain a close interplay with SARS-CoV and COVID-19 mortality rates, despite a current lack of research directly determining how. Taken together, we present the current state of the field regarding SARS-CoV-2 research and illuminate where research is needed to better define the role both estrogen and metabolic comorbidities have in the COVID-19 disease state, which can be key in screening potential therapeutic options as the search for effective treatments continue.© 2020 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

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