• Aline B Maddux, Kristen Campbell, Alan G Woodruff, Jaime LaVelle, Jeffrey Lutmer, Curt E Kennedy, Marcelo Malakooti, John K McGuire, Lara Shekerdemian, Z Leah Harris, Michael C McCrory, and Todd C Carpenter.
• Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
• Crit. Care Med. 2021 Dec 1; 49 (12): 203320412033-2041.

ObjectivesTo characterize the impact of public health interventions on the volume and characteristics of admissions to the PICU.DesignMulticenter retrospective cohort study.SettingSix U.S. referral PICUs during February 15, 2020-May 14, 2020, compared with the same months during 2017-2019 (baseline).PatientsPICU admissions excluding admissions for illnesses due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and readmissions during the same hospitalization.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsPrimary outcome was admission volumes during the period of stay-at-home orders (March 15, 2020-May 14, 2020) compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization characteristics including advanced support (e.g., invasive mechanical ventilation), PICU and hospital lengths of stay, and mortality. We used generalized linear mixed modeling to compare patient and admission characteristics during the stay-at-home orders period to baseline. We evaluated 7,960 admissions including 1,327 during March 15, 2020-May 14, 2020. Daily admissions and patients days were lower during the period of stay-at-home orders compared with baseline: median admissions 21 (interquartile range, 17-25) versus 36 (interquartile range, 30-42) (p < 0.001) and median patient days 93.0 (interquartile range, 55.9-136.7) versus 143.6 (interquartile range, 108.5-189.2) (p < 0.001). Admissions during the period of stay-at-home orders were less common in young children and for respiratory and infectious illnesses and more common for poisonings, endocrinopathies and for children with race/ethnicity categorized as other/unspecified. There were no differences in hospitalization characteristics except fewer patients received noninvasive ventilation during the period of stay-at-home orders.ConclusionsReductions in PICU admissions suggest that much of pediatric critical illness in younger children and for respiratory and infectious illnesses may be preventable through targeted public health strategies.Copyright © 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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