Extrathyroidal Manifestations of Thyroid Disease: Graves Eye

Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2021

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Extrathyroidal Manifestations of Thyroid Disease: Graves Eye Disease.

Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by the breakdown of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens against the TSH receptor. In approximately 25% of patients, an inflammatory condition, Graves eye disease (GED), affects the orbital soft tissues. About 60% of patients develop mild symptoms including fat expansion and inflammation of the levator muscle complex with resultant proptosis, eyelid retraction, and exposure of the globe. The remaining patients experience enlargement of one or more of the extraocular muscles, leading to conjunctival and eyelid edema and congestion, restricted ocular movement with resultant diplopia, and optic nerve compression leading to compressive optic neuropathy.

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- James Matthew Debnam, Kirthi Koka, and Bita Esmaeli.
- Department of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1482, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. Electronic address: matthew.debnam@mdanderson.org.
- Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 2021 Aug 1; 31 (3): 367-378.
AbstractGraves disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by the breakdown of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens against the TSH receptor. In approximately 25% of patients, an inflammatory condition, Graves eye disease (GED), affects the orbital soft tissues. About 60% of patients develop mild symptoms including fat expansion and inflammation of the levator muscle complex with resultant proptosis, eyelid retraction, and exposure of the globe. The remaining patients experience enlargement of one or more of the extraocular muscles, leading to conjunctival and eyelid edema and congestion, restricted ocular movement with resultant diplopia, and optic nerve compression leading to compressive optic neuropathy.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Extrathyroidal Manifestations of Thyroid Disease: Graves Eye Disease.

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