• Karin Blomberg, Olav Lindqvist, Carina Werkander Harstäde, Annika Söderman, and Ulrika Östlund.
• Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
• Int J Palliat Nurs. 2019 Jul 2; 25 (7): 334-343.

BackgroundThe Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) is based on an empirically-driven dignity model that has been developed and used for clinically assessing the various sources of dignity-related distress. In a recent review, it received the highest score as a useful instrument in both practice and research in palliative care. The PDI has been adapted to and validated for use in various countries, but not yet Sweden.AimsTo translate the PDI into Swedish, including cultural adaptation for clinical use.MethodsA multi-step process of translation, negotiated consensus, expert group discussion (n=7: four invited experts and three researchers) and cognitive interviewing (n=7: persons with palliative care needs).FindingsDiscussion, by the expert reviewers, of both linguistic and cultural issues regarding the content and readability of the translated Swedish version resulted in revisions of items and response alternatives, focusing mainly on semantic, conceptual, and experiential equivalence. A pilot version for cognitive interviews was produced. The analysis of data showed that most of the items were judged to be relevant by the persons with palliative care needs.ConclusionThe process of translation and adaptation added clarity and consistency. The Swedish version of the PDI can be used in assessing dignity-related distress. The next step will be to test this Swedish version for psychometric properties in a larger group of patients with palliative care needs before use in research.

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