• Noboru Harada, Ken Shirabe, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Toru Ikegami, Hideaki Uchiyama, Yuji Soejima, Yo-Ichi Yamashita, Hiroshi Saeki, Eiji Oki, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Masaru Morita, Tetsuo Ikeda, Hiroshi Matsuura, Kenichiro Okadome, and Yoshihiko Maehara.
• Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2013 Dec 1; 104 (12): 539-48.

IntroductionSurgery remains the treatment of choice for patients with resectable biliary tract cancer, enhancing the chance of cure and increasing long-term survival. Early recurrence, however, is frequent in patients who have undergone curative resection. To date, no randomized controlled trials have assessed adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with biliary tract cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of surgical management followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with biliary tract cancer.Materials And MethodsThis study enrolled 100 patients with Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stages I-IV biliary tract cancer who underwent surgical resection, including 16 who received sequential adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine or S-1. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and prognostic factors were analyzed.ResultsThe median duration of follow-up was 12.6 months. Forty-one patients had lymph node metastasis and 81 underwent RO resection. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 80.9%, 48.6%, and 38.3%, respectively, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates were 59.8%, 39.9%, and 24.9%, respectively. Five-year OS rates were similar in patients who did (40.4%) and did not (32.4%) receive adjuvant chemotherapy. The morbidity and mortality rates were 59% and 3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only lymph node metastasis (p = 0.042) was independently associated with long-term survival.ConclusionsThe presence of lymph node metastasis significantly affected long-term survival, whereas adjuvant chemotherapy did not affect outcomes in our patients with resectable biliary tract cancer.

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