• T Yoshio, H Okamoto, K Kurasawa, Y Dei, S Hirohata, and S Minota.
• Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan takuyosh@jichi.ac.jp.
• Lupus. 2016 Aug 1; 25 (9): 997-1003.

ObjectiveTo determine whether the intrathecal concentrations of cytokines/chemokines are associated with, or influenced by, serum concentrations in patients with central neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), and to ascertain whether the increased production of cytokines/chemokines intrathecally relative to serum levels is associated with the presence of central NPSLE.Methods52 SLE patients (30 with central NPSLE and 22 with non-NPSLE), for whom the CSF and serum samples were obtained at the same time, were enrolled. 27 kinds of cytokine/chemokine concentrations other than IFN-α in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were measured by Bio-Plex Pro Assays. IFN-α concentration and anti-ribosomal P protein antibody (anti-P) titres in CSF and serum samples were measured by ELISA.ResultsThe mean concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, G-CSF and GM-CSF were higher in the CSF than in the sera, respectively, while the mean concentrations of other 22 cytokines/chemokines, including RANTES and IFN-α, in the CSF were much lower than those in the sera, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1 and G-CSF in the CSF of the 30 patients with NPSLE were significantly higher than in the 22 patients with non-NPSLE (p = 6.82 × 10(-5), p = 0.00037, p = 0.0028, p = 0.00065, and p = 0.0001, respectively), while the concentration of GM-CSF in the CSF of the 30 patients with NPSLE was not significantly higher than in the 22 patients with non-NPSLE. Most importantly, the largest difference occurred in CSF IL-6 concentrations. A significant positive correlation between CSF anti-P titres and serum anti-P titres in 52 patients with SLE (r = 0.6316, p = 6.44 × 10(-6)) was found, while no significant positive correlation was observed between CSF levels and serum levels of each cytokine/chemokine in the 52 SLE patients.ConclusionIn central NPSLE the production of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1 and G-CSF might take place in the central nervous system (CNS). These increased CSF cytokines/chemokines along with anti-P might have a prerequisite role in the pathogenesis of central NPSLE.© The Author(s) 2016.

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